Continuum contribution to charged-current absorption of low-energy $\nu_e$ on $^{40}$Ar

TL;DR

This paper refines the modeling of low-energy electron neutrino absorption on argon-40 for improved astrophysical neutrino detection, revealing a lower cross section than previous models and implications for supernova neutrino observations.

Contribution

The study introduces a hybrid theoretical approach with continuum and discrete state treatments, improving the accuracy of neutrino-argon interaction models for DUNE.

Findings

Refined cross section predictions show a ~20% overestimation in previous models.

Forbidden transitions contribute less at energies below 100 MeV, reducing total cross sections.

Implications suggest better supernova pointing accuracy using charged-current reactions.

Abstract

Accurate modeling of the absorption of tens-of-MeV $\nu_e$ on $^{40}$Ar is needed to enable measurements of astrophysical neutrinos using large liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detectors, such as those planned for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We revisit the MARLEY neutrino interaction model used in present estimates of DUNE sensitivity to supernova and solar neutrino signals. Multiple theoretical refinements are pursued, especially in the unbound continuum region of nuclear excitation energy. Inclusive charged-current neutrino-argon cross sections are calculated using a hybrid strategy. Nuclear transitions to unbound states are treated using a Hartree-Fock Continuum Random Phase Approximation (HF-CRPA) model, including forbidden contributions. Allowed transitions to low-lying discrete levels are also included using indirect measurements and approximate corrections for the momentum transfer dependence. Exclusive predictions are obtained by coupling these calculations with a statistical nuclear de-excitation model. The impact on observables of interest for DUNE and similar experiments is examined in terms of both total and differential cross sections. Our refined calculations predict a lower allowed portion of the cross section relative to the prior MARLEY model. At neutrino energies appreciably below 100 MeV, the inclusion of forbidden transitions does not fully compensate for the loss of allowed strength. For a representative neutrino burst from a galactic core-collapse supernova, our results suggest that MARLEY 1.2.0 overestimates the event yield in a DUNE-like detector by approximately 20%. However, because this overestimation is more severe at backwards angles, use of the charged-current $\nu_e$-$^{40}$Ar reaction for supernova pointing may be more feasible than previously expected.