Towards Intelligent Computation Offloading in Dynamic Vehicular Networks: A Scalable Multilayer Pipeline

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalable four-layer computation offloading pipeline for Software Defined Vehicles, utilizing an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to optimize edge server selection and meet latency constraints.

Contribution

It presents a novel dynamic offloading pipeline with an improved PSO algorithm tailored for vehicular networks, addressing the computational gap in SDVs.

Findings

Reduces average response time compared to brute-force methods.

Achieves 26 ms execution time on CPU and 550 ms on GPU for large tasks.

Demonstrates effectiveness in realistic vehicular mobility scenarios.

Abstract

Software Defined Vehicles face an increasing computational gap as advanced algorithms and frequent software updates demand more processing power while onboard hardware remains static throughout a vehicle's 10+ year lifespan. This mismatch threatens the performance of safety-critical functions including advanced driver-assistance systems and real-time perception tasks. We propose a novel four-layer computation offloading pipeline that dynamically distributes vehicular functions to cloud and edge resources while meeting strict Round Trip Time constraints. Our key contribution is an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm that integrates distance- and direction-based penalties with functional requirements to optimize edge server selection for mobile vehicles. Evaluation using a Kubernetes-based cloud infrastructure with realistic vehicular mobility patterns demonstrates that our approach reduces average response time compared to conventional Brute-Force methods while maintaining the success rate for latency-critical tasks. The modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm achieves an average execution time of 26 ms across ten servers and tasks on Central Processing Unit, and 550ms across 15 servers with 1000 tasks on Graphics Processing Unit. These results confirm the pipeline's effectiveness in bridging the computational gap for next-generation Software Defined Vehicles (SDV).