Tight Bounds for some W[1]-hard Problems Parameterized by Multi-clique-width

TL;DR

This paper establishes tight complexity bounds for certain problems parameterized by multi-clique-width, showing differences from clique-width and providing new lower bounds under ETH.

Contribution

It proves that Max Cut cannot be solved faster than a certain bound on graphs of multi-clique-width, and matches known bounds for Hamiltonian Cycle and Edge Dominating Set.

Findings

Max Cut cannot be solved in time n^{2^{o(k)}} under ETH for multi-clique-width k

Hamiltonian Cycle and Edge Dominating Set can be solved in time n^{O(k)} for multi-clique-width k

Results differentiate complexity bounds between clique-width and multi-clique-width

Abstract

In this work we contribute to the study of the fine-grained complexity of problems parameterized by multi-clique-width, which was initiated by F\"urer [ITCS 2017] and pursued further by Chekan and Kratsch [MFCS 2023]. Multi-clique-width is a parameter defined analogously to clique-width but every vertex is allowed to hold multiple labels simultaneously. This parameter is upper-bounded by both clique-width and treewidth (plus a constant), hence it generalizes both of them without an exponential blow-up. Conversely, graphs of multi-clique-width $k$ have clique-width at most $2^k$, and there exist graphs with clique-width at least $2^{\Omega(k)}$. Thus, while the two parameters are functionally equivalent, the fine-grained complexity of problems may differ relative to them. As our first and main result we show that under ETH the Max Cut problem cannot be solved in time $n^{2^{o(k)}} \cdot f(k)$ on graphs of multi-clique-width $k$ for any computable function $f$. For clique-width $k$ an $n^{\mathcal{O}(k)}$ algorithm by Fomin et al. [SIAM J. Comput. 2014] is tight under ETH. This makes Max Cut the first known problem for which the tight running times differ for parameterization by clique-width and multi-clique-width and it contributes to the short list of known lower bounds of form $n^{2^{o(k)}} \cdot f(k)$. As our second contribution we show that Hamiltonian Cycle and Edge Dominating Set can be solved in time $n^{\mathcal{O}(k)}$ on graphs of multi-clique-width $k$ matching the tight running time for clique-width. These results answer three questions left open by Chekan and Kratsch [MFCS 2023].