Temporal hopping dynamics in exciton-polariton condensation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamic hopping behavior in exciton-polariton condensates near the threshold, revealing stochastic transitions between states and the gradual development of coherence through combined experimental and numerical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of temporal hopping dynamics in polariton condensation and demonstrates their intrinsic role using optical trapping, homodyne detection, and stochastic simulations.

Findings

Polariton condensation exhibits stochastic hopping between condensed and non-condensed states.

The second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}(0)$ decreases towards unity during condensation.

Numerical simulations replicate the observed hopping dynamics and highlight the influence of noise and reservoir interactions.

Abstract

Polariton condensates provide a versatile platform for exploring non-equilibrium phase transitions and collective phenomena in open quantum systems. Near the condensation threshold, these systems are particularly sensitive to fluctuations and instabilities, which can strongly influence the condensate formation. Using optical trapping and homodyne detection, we directly access the photon statistics and second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}(0)$ of the condensate. We show that polariton condensation near the threshold is not a purely static transition, but instead undergoes a dynamical regime characterized by stochastic hopping between condensed and non-condensed states. These intermittent dynamics are accompanied by a gradual reduction of $g^{(2)}(0)$ towards unity, revealing the progressive build-up of coherence even in the presence of strong temporal fluctuations. Numerical simulations, based on a stochastic Truncated Wigner description of the driven-dissipative polariton field, reproduce these dynamics and capture the essential role of noise and reservoir interactions. This work demonstrates that the observed temporal hopping is an intrinsic feature of polariton condensation, providing a dynamical perspective that goes beyond static descriptions of the condensation phase transition.