Golden RPG: Confidence-Adaptive Region-Aware Noise for Compositional Text-to-Image Generation

TL;DR

Golden RPG introduces a region-aware noise predictor for compositional text-to-image generation, improving spatial coherence and prompt fidelity by dynamically conditioning on sub-prompts.

Contribution

It extends diffusion models with region-specific conditioning mechanisms and a confidence-adaptive blending to enhance multi-region image synthesis.

Findings

Achieves highest cross-region coherence scores across benchmarks.

Matches top baselines in CLIP-based metrics.

User study shows 67% preference for Golden RPG outputs.

Abstract

Compositional text-to-image (T2I) generation requires a model to honour multiple sub-prompts that describe distinct image regions. Recent work shows that the \emph{starting noise} of a diffusion model carries significant semantic information: ``golden'' noise predicted from text can substantially raise prompt fidelity. We observe that this noise prediction is, however, fundamentally global: the same network is asked to summarise a long, multi-region prompt with a single text embedding, which becomes the bottleneck whenever the prompt describes scenes with spatially-separated entities. We introduce \textbf{Golden RPG}, a region-aware noise predictor that extends a frozen NPNet with two trainable additions: (i) a per-region \textbf{FiLM adapter} that reshapes the predicted noise according to each sub-prompt; and (ii) a \textbf{Region Cross-Attention} layer injected between two stages of the Swin backbone, allowing different spatial locations to attend to different sub-prompt tokens. To prevent the regional conditioning from degrading samples whose prompts are already easy, we further propose a \textbf{Confidence-Adaptive Blending} head that dynamically predicts, per sample, how strongly the regional signal should override the global signal. We evaluate on the original RPG benchmark (20 prompts, 100 samples) and on four multi-region categories of T2I-CompBench (1{,}200 images, six competing methods). Golden RPG achieves the highest Cross-Region-Coherence score on every category, while matching the strongest baselines on absolute CLIP-Score and CLIP-IQA. A paired user study further shows a $\boldsymbol{\sim}$67\% preference over the strongest baseline. The adapter contains $\sim$2M trainable parameters and adds only $0.6$\,s of inference overhead on top of SDXL.