Scaffolds for Higher Tropical Grassmannians: Foundations

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework of scaffolds, specifically CAT(0) planar graphs, to model points in tropical Grassmannians, connecting combinatorics, geometry, and topology with applications to tropical Plücker vectors.

Contribution

It introduces a novel representation of tropical Grassmannian points using CAT(0) planar graphs and explores their embeddings and combinatorial properties.

Findings

Constructed a unique representation of tropical Plücker vectors by CAT(0) planar graphs.

Showed embeddings of these graphs into tropical linear spaces and affine buildings.

Connected strand combinatorics with noncrossing tableaux and basis expansions.

Abstract

Scaffolds are the one-dimensional skeleta of high-dimensional flag simplicial complexes of nonpositive curvature. They generalize the phylogenetic trees of Trop G(2,n) to arbitrary $k$, drawing together SL(k)-web bases, affine buildings, the combinatorics of the positive tropical Grassmannian and low-dimensional topology. We prove that scaffolds model points in all tropical Grassmannians via a $k$-point distance function. In this paper, we study in detail CAT(0) planar graphs, which are positive scaffolds for the tropical Grassmannian of three-planes. CAT(0) planar graphs are directed versions of the diskoids of Fontaine-Kamnitzer-Kuperberg, planar dual to SL(3)-webs. Our main result is the construction of a unique representation of any given integer positive tropical Plucker vector by a normal CAT(0) planar graph. We show that any normal CAT(0) planar graph embeds into the tropical linear space as a Lam-Postnikov membrane, and embeds into the Keel-Tevelev membrane within the affine building. We show that Early's planar basis expansion can be computed directly from the strand combinatorics of the dual web, and connect this expansion to Petersen-Pylyavskyy-Speyer's noncrossing tableaux, explored further in our companion paper.