Deterministic Nucleation and Dynamics of Infilled Multiply-Charged Vortices in an Immiscible $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$-$^{41}\mathrm{K}$ Mixture

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to controllably generate and study stable, multiply-charged vortices in immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing their dynamics and instabilities.

Contribution

It demonstrates a reproducible technique for creating high-charge infilled vortices and analyzes their long-term behavior and instabilities in a two-component BEC system.

Findings

Vortices with tunable charge can be generated by adjusting stirring parameters.

Long-lived precession and collective breathing modes are observed for multiply-charged vortices.

High winding numbers lead to dynamical instabilities and vortex dislocation.

Abstract

We propose a method for controllably generating multiply-charged vortices in immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates. We achieve this by applying a laser stirring technique to a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$-$^{41}\mathrm{K}$ mixture, where the vortices generated are infilled by the secondary component. We numerically demonstrate that the charge of the vortex can be tuned reproducibly by varying the stirring parameters, allowing the deterministic generation of stable infilled vortices with high topological charge. We then consider the dynamics of these multiply-charged vortices in a circular trap; in contrast to single-component condensates, we observe long-lived precession of the multiply-charged vortices with a charge dependent frequency and collective breathing modes of the infilling component. For sufficiently large winding numbers, we observe distinct dynamical instabilities leading to vortex dislocation.