Reflector-Free, Highly Confined Love-Like SAWs Enabled by a Phononic Metasurface for Real-Time Monitoring of Cell Dynamics

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel reflector-free SAW device using a phononic metasurface, achieving high confinement and quality factors for biosensing in liquids, demonstrated by real-time cell death monitoring.

Contribution

Introducing a phononic metasurface design that creates highly confined shear-horizontal SAWs without reflectors, enhancing biosensing performance in liquid environments.

Findings

Achieved higher quality factors than conventional SAW devices in water.

Demonstrated real-time monitoring of cellular death using the new SAW sensor.

Validated the fabrication and experimental performance of the metasurface-based SAW resonator.

Abstract

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used in sensing and biosensing but generally suffer from strong attenuation in liquid environments. Conventional approaches rely on reflectors to reduce these losses, yet these components remain difficult to optimize: limited device miniaturization, and increase fabrication complexity. Here, we introduce an innovative design strategy that integrates a phononic metasurface with tailored electromechanical properties of the substrate to generate a type of shear-horizontal (SH) surface resonance modes that exhibit strong lateral confinement and zero radiation into both the substrate bulk and the free surface, eliminating the need for reflectors. This approach enables highly tailorable surface acoustic resonances with distinctive enhanced dynamic strain-energy confinement leading to significantly higher quality factors than conventional SAW devices, particularly in water-loaded conditions. We show the fabrication and experimental validation of the proposed phononic metasurface-based SAW resonator and showcase its biosensing capabilities through real-time monitoring of cellular death.