Vectorial Acoustic Multiplexed Holography

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel vector-field acoustic holography method using particle velocity as a multiplexing degree of freedom, enabling multi-channel encoding and high-fidelity wave control.

Contribution

It develops a physics-informed inverse-design approach for creating metasurfaces that achieve multi-channel acoustic holography using pressure and velocity components.

Findings

Demonstrated dual-channel multiplexing on in-plane velocity components v_x and v_y.

Extended to three-channel multiplexing by including pressure p.

Achieved high-fidelity reconstruction with low cross-talk.

Abstract

Encoding more information into wave fields is a central goal in imaging, communication, and wave control. Optical holography benefits from polarization multiplexing, but acoustic holography remains largely limited to pressure-only encoding because sound in fluids lacks naturally independent vector channels. Here, we show that particle velocity can serve as a practical multiplexing degree of freedom despite the intrinsic pressure-velocity coupling governed by the acoustic Euler equation. We develop a physics-informed inverse-design approach that incorporates acoustic propagation and pressure-velocity coupling to create a binary metasurface for vector-field acoustic holographic multiplexing. Experiments demonstrate dual-channel multiplexing on the in-plane velocity components v_x and v_y, and further extend to three-channel multiplexing by incorporating pressure p, with high-fidelity reconstruction and low cross-talk. This approach adds a new information dimension without reducing spatial or spectral bandwidth and enables broader forms of wave-based information encoding and multiplexed wave control.