INSIGHT: Indoor Scene Intelligence from Geometric-Semantic Hierarchy Transfer for Public~Safety

TL;DR

INSIGHT introduces a zero-annotation pipeline that converts 2D image understanding into 3D scene graphs for indoor safety, addressing data scarcity and small feature recognition issues.

Contribution

It presents a novel 2D-to-3D semantic transfer method with interchangeable vision stacks, enabling efficient indoor scene understanding for public safety applications.

Findings

Achieves high per-point labeling accuracy on safety classes.

Detects safety-critical features absent in public benchmarks.

Provides compact, deployable scene graphs with fast transmission.

Abstract

Indoor environments lack the spatial intelligence infrastructure that GPS provides outdoors; first responders arriving at unfamiliar buildings typically have no machine-readable map of safety equipment. Prior work on 3D semantic segmentation for public safety identified two barriers: scarcity of labeled indoor training data and poor recognition of small safety-critical features by native point-cloud methods. This paper presents INSIGHT, a zero-target-domain-annotation pipeline that projects 2D image understanding into 3D metric space via registered RGB-D data. Two interchangeable vision stacks share a common 3D back end: a SAM3 foundation-model stack for text-prompted segmentation, and a traditional CV stack (open-set detection, VQA, OCR) whose intermediate outputs are independently inspectable. Evaluated on all seven subareas of Stanford 2D-3D-S (70{,}496 images), the pipeline produces Pointcept-schema-compatible labeled point clouds and ISO~19164-compliant scene graphs with ${\sim}10^{4}{\times}$ compression; role-filtered payloads transmit in ${<}15$\,s at 1\,Mbps over FirstNet Band~14. We report per-point labeling accuracy on 7 shared classes, detection sensitivity for 15 safety-critical classes absent from public 3D benchmarks alongside code-capped deployable estimates, and inter-pipeline complementarity, demonstrating that 2D-to-3D semantic transfer addresses the labeled-data bottleneck while scene graphs provide building intelligence compact enough for field deployment.