A Diamagnetic, Light-Driven Tesla Engine Based on a Mechanically Displaced, Magnetically Levitated Graphene Disk

TL;DR

This paper introduces the first diamagnetic Tesla engine using a graphene disk, demonstrating light-driven rotation and potential applications in sensors and micro-vehicles.

Contribution

It presents a novel diamagnetic Tesla engine based on graphene, overcoming limitations of ferromagnetic designs and enabling light-powered mechanical systems.

Findings

Achieved stable rotation up to 2000 rpm under laser heating.

Displacement of the graphene disk is crucial for engine operation.

Demonstrated energy transfer to a second disk via gear-like vanes.

Abstract

Ferromagnetic materials are widely used in Tesla thermomagnetic engines, whereas diamagnetic counterparts have remained unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the first diamagnetic Tesla engine by exploiting the strong diamagnetism of graphene. A graphene disk, fabricated by stacking graphene sheets, serves as the engine wheel. We first show that the conventional Tesla engine design using a permanent magnet placed near the disk edge to create unbalanced thermomagnetic forces under asymmetric local heating fails to generate rotation. We achieve stable operation by laterally displacing the levitated disk from equilibrium, creating a strong restoring force that drives rotation under light excitation. Calculations and measurements establish the displacement-dependent force, with an optimal offset of 0.8 mm yielding speeds up to 2000 rpm under laser heating and 1000 rpm under direct sunlight. Adding vanes allows the disk to function as a gear, powering a graphene vehicle and transferring energy to another disk. This design utilizes the strong and anisotropic diamagnetism of graphene and paves the way for light-powered sensors, actuators, and micro-vehicles.