Enhanced Phase Sensitive SD-OCT for flow imaging using ultrasonically sculpted optical waveguides

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates ultrasonically sculpted optical waveguides enabling phase-sensitive flow imaging at greater depths in SD-OCT, achieving high sensitivity and dynamic range for biological applications.

Contribution

It introduces the use of ultrasonically sculpted optical waveguides for phase-sensitive detection in SD-OCT, extending imaging depth and improving flow measurement capabilities.

Findings

Achieved phase sensitivity of 5.25 mrad at 10 dB SNR.

Extended flow detection depth to 3.5 mm, surpassing conventional SD-OCT.

Demonstrated potential for cerebral blood flow imaging and neural activity mapping.

Abstract

Phase sensitive detection in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a powerful method for functional imaging of biological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. The depth-dependent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a limiting factor on the minimum detectable phase changes of phase in shot noise-limited SD-OCT systems. The SNR over a depth is constrained by the terminal optics, usually using a focusing lens to project light into the tissue and collect the backscattered light. In situ ultrasonically sculpted optical waveguides have been used to improve SNR roll-off over depth compared to conventional SD-OCT systems. In this paper, we extend this feature to demonstrate phase sensitive detection at depth using ultrasonically enhanced OCT (ue-OCT). Our experimental results show that ultrasonically sculpted optical waveguides are phase stable and follow near shot-noise limited behavior. We measured milk flow velocity changes to demonstrate a phase sensitivity of 5.25 mrad at 10 dB SNR and dynamic range of 0.8 mm/s to 14.7 cm/s using ue-OCT. Our results show flow detection with ue-OCT at extended depths (i.e., 3.5 mm) otherwise not possible with conventional SD-OCT systems with matched focal lengths. The results in this paper show the potential of ue-OCT for phase-sensitive flow measurement from the depth of tissue for a gamut of applications such as cerebral blood flow imaging as a proxy to neural activity mapping.