Inferring High-Level Events from Timestamped Data: Complexity and Medical Applications

TL;DR

This paper presents a logic-based framework for inferring high-level events from timestamped data, with applications in medicine, ensuring computational feasibility and alignment with expert opinions.

Contribution

A novel, generic logic-based approach for detecting and combining temporal events from timestamped data, with polynomial-time reasoning restrictions and a prototype implementation.

Findings

Framework effectively infers disease episodes from clinical data.

Prototype system demonstrates computational feasibility.

Results align well with medical expert opinions.

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a novel logic-based approach to detecting high-level temporally extended events from timestamped data and background knowledge. Our framework employs logical rules to capture existence and termination conditions for simple temporal events and to combine these into meta-events. In the medical domain, for example, disease episodes and therapies are inferred from timestamped clinical observations, such as diagnoses and drug administrations stored in patient records, and can be further combined into higher-level disease events. As some incorrect events might be inferred, we use constraints to identify incompatible combinations of events and propose a repair mechanism to select preferred consistent sets of events. While reasoning in the full framework is intractable, we identify relevant restrictions that ensure polynomial-time data complexity. Our prototype system implements core components of the approach using answer set programming. An evaluation on a lung cancer use case supports the interest of the approach, both in terms of computational feasibility and positive alignment of our results with medical expert opinions. While strongly motivated by the needs of the healthcare domain, our framework is purposely generic, enabling its reuse in other areas.