Drug Synergy Prediction via Residual Graph Isomorphism Networks and Attention Mechanisms

TL;DR

This paper introduces ResGIN-Att, a novel graph neural network model that combines residual graph isomorphism networks and attention mechanisms to improve drug synergy prediction accuracy and interpretability.

Contribution

It presents a new model integrating multi-scale topological features, adaptive LSTM fusion, and cross-attention for better drug synergy prediction and model interpretability.

Findings

ResGIN-Att outperforms baseline methods on five benchmark datasets.

The model demonstrates strong generalization and robustness.

Residual connections mitigate over-smoothing in deep GNN layers.

Abstract

In the treatment of complex diseases, treatment regimens using a single drug often yield limited efficacy and can lead to drug resistance. In contrast, combination drug therapies can significantly improve therapeutic outcomes through synergistic effects. However, experimentally validating all possible drug combinations is prohibitively expensive, underscoring the critical need for efficient computational prediction methods. Although existing approaches based on deep learning and graph neural networks (GNNs) have made considerable progress, challenges remain in reducing structural bias, improving generalization capability, and enhancing model interpretability. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a collaborative prediction graph neural network that integrates molecular structural features and cell-line genomic profiles with drug-drug interactions to enhance the prediction of synergistic effects. We introduce a novel model named the Residual Graph Isomorphism Network integrated with an Attention mechanism (ResGIN-Att). The model first extracts multi scale topological features of drug molecules using a residual graph isomorphism network, where residual connections help mitigate over-smoothing in deep layers. Subsequently, an adaptive Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) module fuses structural information from local to global scales. Finally, a cross-attention module is designed to explicitly model drug-drug interactions and identify key chemical substructures. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate that ResGIN-Att achieves competitive performance, comparing favorably against key baseline methods while exhibiting promising generalization capability and robustness.