Decomposing Fractional Quantum Hall Wave Functions via Operator Contraction Multiplication

TL;DR

This paper introduces an algebraic operator contraction method to decompose fractional quantum Hall wave functions, enabling detailed analysis of complex states and their entanglement properties.

Contribution

It presents a novel algebraic framework that generalizes wave function decomposition for both single- and multi-component FQH states, surpassing previous Jack polynomial limitations.

Findings

Exact decomposition of Laughlin states achieved.

Complete decomposition of Halperin (2,2,1) state provided.

Orbital entanglement spectra computed for up to 16 particles.

Abstract

We develop a general algebraic scheme to decompose fractional quantum Hall (FQH) wave functions based on the operator contraction multiplication. By introducing fermionic and bosonic operators and establishing three fundamental contraction rules, we achieve an exact decomposition of Laughlin states. This approach naturally extends to multi-component systems by factorizing coupled Jastrow factors via resultants and elementary symmetric polynomials, enabling the first complete decomposition of Halperin states. For Halperin ($2,2,1$) state, we explicitly derive its basic expansion, identify root configurations, and reveal intra- and inter-color squeezing operators, thereby uncovering the underlying generalized Pauli principle. Using this method, we compute orbital entanglement spectra for up to $16$ particles with decomposition dimensions exceeding $10^{11}$, obtaining edge excitation sequences that precisely match chiral Luttinger liquid theory. Our framework breaks through the longstanding limitations of Jack polynomials, provides a unified decomposition for both single- and multi-component FQH states, and opens a new avenue for exploring wave functions for more complex FQH states.