Gravitational Collapse of a Chiellini Integrable Scalar Field

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the gravitational collapse of a scalar field and perfect fluid mixture using an integrable framework, deriving solutions and examining horizon formation and energy conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a Chiellini-integrable model with an extended Higgs potential, providing analytical solutions and detailed collapse and horizon analysis.

Findings

Proper volume decreases monotonically but never reaches zero.

Scalar field remains canonical, perfect fluid can violate Null Energy Condition.

Collapse can result in no trapped surface or multiple apparent horizons.

Abstract

We study the gravitational collapse of a non-interacting mix of perfect fluid and a spatially homogeneous scalar field within a Chiellini-integrable framework. We choose an extended Higgs-type self-interaction potential and reduce the Klein-Gordon equation into a generalized damped Milne-Pinney class of differential equation. We derive a closed-form analytical solution for the scalar field, the scale factor and explore the collapsing branch of the same. We find that it exhibits an asymptotic collapse in which the proper volume decreases monotonically but never reaches zero at finite time. We analyze the energy conditions for the constituent elements of the collapsing sphere. While the scalar field remains canonical in nature, we find that the perfect fluid can violated the Null Energy Condition. We also study the formation of apparent horizon condition and find multiple possibilities depending on the parameter space : either no trapped surface or the formation of multiple apparent horizons. We match the interior homogeneous solution to a generalized Vaidya exterior via the Israel-Darmois junction conditions, yielding the corresponding boundary mass function, ensuring a smooth collapse scenario.