Coherence toroidal vortices and statistic-veiled correlation topologies
Keyu Zhou, Yaning Zhou, Ao Zhou, Zhao Zhang, Jinzhan Zhong, Houan Teng, Chunhao Liang, Qiwen Zhan, Yangjian Cai, Xin Liu

TL;DR
This paper reports the experimental discovery of coherence toroidal vortices in stochastic optical fields, revealing hidden topological correlation structures that are robust under environmental disturbances.
Contribution
It introduces the concept of coherence toroidal vortices in partially coherent light, unveiling statistically hidden topologies accessible through second-order correlations.
Findings
Observation of toroidal vortices in stochastic optical wavefields.
Identification of topological invariants in second-order correlations.
Robustness of correlation topologies under environmental perturbations.
Abstract
Toroidal vortices in fluid and gas dynamics underpin a broad spectrum of scientific and technological fields, from elementary particle physics to condensed matter systems, and have recently garnered significant attention in optics because of their inherent topological stability. Here we report the experimental observation of toroidal vortices in stochastic optical wavefields with partial coherence, termed coherence toroidal vortices, which eliminates deterministic topological signatures in conventional optical degrees of freedom while unveiling statistically hidden correlation topologies. These underlying topologies-including both fundamental and higher-order hopfionic textures-emerge exclusively in second-order field correlations and are accessible only through statistical measurements. We further examine the impact of chaotic channels on the stability of these statistically veiled…
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