Learning Hippo: Multi-attractor Dynamics and Stability Effects in a Biologically Detailed CA3 Extension of Hopfield Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a biologically detailed extension of Hopfield networks for CA3, demonstrating multi-attractor dynamics, associative recall, and reduced variance, highlighting architecture-specific effects in pattern completion tasks.

Contribution

It presents a novel biologically detailed CA3 model with multiple neuron types and plasticity rules, revealing new multi-attractor and recall behaviors absent in minimal models.

Findings

Multi-attractor cross-seed behavior at K=5 with realistic inhibition.

Target-selective associative recall in paired memory at K≥5.

Reduced cross-seed variance compared to minimal models.

Abstract

We present a biologically detailed extension of the classical Hopfield/Marr auto-associative memory model for CA3, implementing ten populations (two asymmetric pyramidal subtypes, eight GABAergic interneuron classes), forty-seven compartments, multi-rule plasticity (recurrent Hebb, BCM anti-saturation, mossy-fiber short-term, endocannabinoid iLTD, burst-gated Hebb), and a bimodal cholinergic encoding/consolidation cycle. Evaluated on pattern completion across auto-associative, associative, and temporal regimes, and on a controlled inhibitory-proportion manipulation at $N{=}256$, the full architecture exhibits \emph{three qualitative signatures absent from a minimal Hopfield baseline}: (i)~multi-attractor cross-seed behaviour at $K{=}5$ with biologically realistic inhibitory proportions, where two of five seeds converge to positive attractors with margin ${+}0.10{-}0.22$ (Cohen's $d{=}0.71$, one-sided $p{=}0.08$); (ii)~target-selective associative recall in paired $(A, B)$ memory at $K{\geq}5$, where the full model retrieves $B$ from a partial cue of $A$ while the minimal model echoes $A$ (Pearson margin $\Delta{=}{+}0.163$ at $K{=}5$); (iii)~reduced cross-seed variance of the full model below the minimal baseline under clean upstream, with ratios $1.0{-}3.0$. These three signatures are architecture-specific: they appear consistently across independent regimes and are absent from the minimal control.