Comparison principles and long time behavior for a diffusive Energy Balance Model with vertical resolution

TL;DR

This paper analyzes a two-layer energy balance climate model with vertical and latitudinal energy exchanges, establishing conditions for finite-time blow-up or global solutions based on atmospheric absorptivity.

Contribution

It introduces a mathematical framework for the model, proving finite-time blow-up for high absorptivity and global existence with attractors for lower values, using comparison principles.

Findings

Finite-time blow-up occurs if atmospheric absorptivity > 2.

Global solutions and attractors exist if absorptivity is between 0 and 2.

Comparison principles are used to establish invariant regions and regularity.

Abstract

We study a two-layer one-dimensional energy balance model, which allows for vertical energy exchanges between a surface layer and the atmosphere, as well as meridional energy transport across latitudes via a diffusion law. The evolution equations of the surface temperature and the atmospheric temperature are coupled by exchange of infrared radiation as well as other non-radiative energy exchanges. The energy enters the system as solar radiation, which is partially absorbed and partially reflected by the two layers. The system is then composed of two degenerate parabolic equations coupled by nonlinear terms, the growth of these terms being crucial for the choice of the functional setting. An essential parameter is the absorptivity of the atmosphere, denoted $\varepsilon _a$, whose value depends critically on greenhouse gases. We prove that blow up in finite time occurs if $\varepsilon _a >2$, while global existence of solutions and the existence of a global attractor hold when $\varepsilon _a \in (0,2)$. Proofs are based on comparison principles that derive from the cooperative structure of the problem, and that provide invariant rectangles for smooth initial conditions, and on regularity properties.