FSFM: A Biologically-Inspired Framework for Selective Forgetting of Agent Memory

TL;DR

This paper introduces FSFM, a biologically-inspired framework for selective forgetting in LLM agents, improving efficiency, content quality, and security by implementing various forgetting mechanisms validated through experiments.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel taxonomy and implementation strategies for selective forgetting in LLM agents, bridging neuroscience insights with AI system design.

Findings

Memory access efficiency increased by 8.49%

Content signal-to-noise ratio improved by 29.2%

Security risks eliminated 100% in experiments

Abstract

For LLM agents, memory management critically impacts efficiency, quality, and security. While much research focuses on retention, selective forgetting--inspired by human cognitive processes (hippocampal indexing/consolidation theory and Ebbinghaus forgetting curve)--remains underexplored. We argue that in resource-constrained environments, a well-designed forgetting mechanism is as crucial as remembering, delivering benefits across three dimensions: (1) efficiency via intelligent memory pruning, (2) quality by dynamically updating outdated preferences and context, and (3) security through active forgetting of malicious inputs, sensitive data, and privacy-compromising content. Our framework establishes a taxonomy of forgetting mechanisms: passive decay-based, active deletion-based, safety-triggered, and adaptive reinforcement-based. Building on advances in LLM agent architectures and vector databases, we present detailed specifications, implementation strategies, and empirical validation from controlled experiments. Results show significant improvements: access efficiency (+8.49%), content quality (+29.2% signal-to-noise ratio), and security performance (100% elimination of security risks). Our work bridges cognitive neuroscience and AI systems, offering practical solutions for real-world deployment while addressing ethical and regulatory compliance. The paper concludes with challenges and future directions, establishing selective forgetting as a fundamental capability for next-generation LLM agents operating in real-world, resource-constrained scenarios. Our contributions align with AI-native memory systems and responsible AI development.