Symmetry breaking phases and transitions in an Ising fusion category lattice model

TL;DR

This paper investigates a lattice model with Ising fusion category symmetry, revealing a rich phase diagram with a symmetric critical phase and two symmetry-breaking phases, characterized by numerical and analytical methods.

Contribution

It uncovers the phase structure of an Ising fusion category lattice model, identifying novel categorical symmetry-breaking phases and their critical transitions.

Findings

Identified a symmetric critical phase in the model.

Discovered a categorical ferromagnetic phase with threefold ground-state degeneracy.

Found a categorical antiferromagnetic phase described by a fourfold degenerate Ising CFT.

Abstract

An anyon-chain-like lattice model with symmetry described by the Ising fusion category is studied. Combining numerical and analytical studies, we uncover a rich phase diagram that contains three phases: a symmetric critical phase and two categorical symmetry breaking phases. The symmetric phase lies in the same universality class as the usual critical Ising model. The first symmetry-breaking phase, dubbed the \emph{categorical ferromagnetic} phase, has the Ising fusion category fully broken and exhibits a threefold ground-state degeneracy, as expected from the generalized Landau paradigm. The other symmetry-breaking phase is analogous to a conventional antiferromagnet: it breaks lattice translation and part of the Ising fusion category, and therefore is termed the \emph{categorical antiferromagnetic} phase. Unlike ordinary antiferromagnetic states associated with finite invertible symmetry breaking, this phase itself is critical, being described by a fourfold degenerate Ising conformal field theory. We argue more generally that antiferromagnetic states associated with broken non-invertible symmetries have a large low-energy manifold that grows exponentially in system size, due to the greater-than-one quantum dimension of domain walls. We also numerically study the transitions between the three phases. The transition between the symmetric and categorical ferromagnetic phase is described by the $c=7/10$ tricritical Ising CFT, while the transition between the symmetric and categorical antiferromagnetic phases is less understood. Our numerical data suggest that the latter transition is continuous and described by a conformal field theory with central charge $c=3/2$.