Shell effects and the neutron emission within the multi-dimensional Langevin model for nuclear fission

TL;DR

This paper models nuclear fission using Langevin equations, accounting for shell effects and neutron emission, and compares the results with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed Langevin-based approach to simulate neutron emission and fission fragment distributions, incorporating shell effects.

Findings

Calculated pre-scission neutron multiplicity agrees with experimental data.

Mass and energy distributions of fission fragments are accurately reproduced.

Neutron emission probabilities are effectively modeled along fission trajectories.

Abstract

We solve the Langevin equations for the time evolution of parameters that describe the shape of fissioning system. On each integration step, we calculate the probability of neutron emission and estimate whether a neutron would be emitted or not. If yes, we decrease the excitation energy of the nucleus by the neutron separation energy plus the average energy of the emitted neutron, switch to the layer of potential energy surface with a smaller number of neutrons and continue the process of integration. If the trajectory reaches the scission point, we check how many neutrons were emitted along this trajectory. The pre-scission neutron multiplicity $M_{pre}$ is defined by the ratio of the total number of emitted neutrons to the total number of fission trajectories. Besides $M_{pre}$, the mass distribution of fission fragments, the distribution of emitted neutrons with respect to the fission stage (deformation of system) and the distribution of emitted neutrons with respect to their energies are calculated. The calculated quantities are compared with the available experimental data.