Dynamical heterogeneity reverses structural suppression of cooperation

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that dynamical heterogeneity in individuals' decision-making processes can enhance cooperation in networks, overturning the belief that structural heterogeneity suppresses it.

Contribution

It introduces a novel dynamical update mechanism considering personal and social information, showing how this heterogeneity promotes cooperation.

Findings

Highly connected individuals relying on personal info boost cooperation.

Dynamical heterogeneity can overturn the suppression effect of structural heterogeneity.

Empirical evidence from GitHub networks supports the theoretical predictions.

Abstract

Heterogeneity in individual characteristics and behaviour is a fundamental property of complex dynamical systems. While previous studies on evolutionary dynamics of strategies evolution in various systems have predominantly focused on the structural heterogeneity, dynamical heterogeneity in individuals' strategy update has been largely neglected. Here, we introduce a novel dynamical update mechanism based on individuals' decision-making information, comprising personal and social components. This update rule allows each individual to vary in the weight of personal information and the amount of social information, capturing the general scenario of dynamically heterogeneous populations. We find that cooperation, as a collective prosocial outcome, is significantly enhanced when highly connected individuals on interaction network rely more heavily on personal information and access more social information. This effect is notably absent in homogeneous networks, thereby overturning the prevailing consensus that structural heterogeneity inherently suppresses cooperation. This theoretical prediction is further validated by empirical evidence from GitHub collaboration networks. Furthermore, individuals preferentially linking to those who are well-informed and possess greater personal information further promotes collective cooperation. We additionally reveal that cooperators gain a decisive advantage when relying more on personal information compared to defectors, whereas social information affects cooperators and defectors equivalently. Our findings offer profound insights into how dynamical heterogeneity fundamentally shapes the evolution of collective cooperation in complex systems.