Insights into decohered critical states using an exact solution to matchgate circuits with Pauli noise

TL;DR

This paper introduces an exact analytic method to study how Pauli noise affects critical many-body states in matchgate circuits, revealing measurable non-equilibrium phenomena and emergent length scales.

Contribution

It provides a novel exact solution technique for analyzing decoherence effects on critical states in matchgate circuits under arbitrary Pauli noise.

Findings

Decoherence does not destroy critical correlations in the 1D transverse field Ising model.

Noise induces a non-equilibrium state with measurable signatures without post-selection.

The decohered state exhibits a thermal distribution of low-energy quasi-particles due to an emergent length scale.

Abstract

The fate of non-trivial many-body states subject to decoherence is of both fundamental and practical interest. Here, we demonstrate a new analytic technique that allows for an exact treatment of dynamics of observables in matchgate circuits subject to arbitrary Pauli noise. We use this to obtain new insights on how decoherence influences critical ground states, focusing on the 1D transverse field Ising model subject to local Markovian Pauli noise. While such noise cannot kill the critical behavior of spin correlation functions, we show that it does lead to a surprising non-equilibrium state, with experimental signatures that are measurable without requiring post-selection or multiple copies of the system. Despite the infinite-temperature nature of the dissipation, the decohered state is characterized by a thermal distribution of low-energy quasi-particles. This is the direct consequence of a noise-induced emergent length scale that manifests itself in fermionic correlators. We show how these phenomena are directly accessible in experiments using a single probe qubit, and that our results also hold for a different dephased critical state (that of an XX spin chain in the zero magnetization sector).