VOLT: Volumetric Wide-Field Microscopy via 3D-Native Probabilistic Transport

TL;DR

VOLT introduces a 3D-native probabilistic framework for wide-field fluorescence microscopy reconstruction, improving scalability and quality while providing credibility estimates.

Contribution

It combines a transport-based formulation with a 3D anisotropic network, operating directly in voxel space for better scalability and reconstruction accuracy.

Findings

VOLT significantly improves reconstruction quality in simulated datasets.

VOLT provides voxel-wise credibility estimates.

Both stochastic and deterministic variants are developed within the framework.

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) wide-field fluorescence microscopy is a widely used modality for volumetric imaging, but suffers from characteristic out-of-focus blur. Existing reconstruction methods either struggle to operate on high-dimensional volumes or fail to provide credibility characterization of the reconstruction. In this work, we introduce Volumetric Transport (VOLT), a 3D-native probabilistic framework for wide-field fluorescence microscopy reconstruction. VOLT combines a transport-based formulation that maps degraded measurements to clean volumes via stochastic interpolants with a 3D-native anisotropic network that separates lateral and axial processing. This design operates directly in voxel space and achieves improved scalability to large volumes without relying on slice-wise approximations. We develop both stochastic (SDE) and deterministic (ODE) variants within the same framework. We validate VOLT on simulated wide-field microscopy datasets. Our results show that VOLT significantly improves reconstruction quality in both lateral and axial directions while providing voxel-wise credibility estimates.