MedProbeBench: Systematic Benchmarking at Deep Evidence Integration for Expert-level Medical Guideline

TL;DR

MedProbeBench is a new benchmark designed to evaluate large language models' ability to perform multi-step evidence integration and expert-level reasoning in medical guideline development.

Contribution

It introduces MedProbeBench, the first benchmark using high-quality clinical guidelines for evaluating deep evidence integration in medical AI systems.

Findings

Current models show significant gaps in evidence integration and guideline generation.

Evaluation reveals the need for improved reasoning and verification capabilities in medical AI.

MedProbeBench provides a comprehensive framework for assessing expert-level medical reasoning.

Abstract

Recent advances in deep research systems enable large language models to retrieve, synthesize, and reason over large-scale external knowledge. In medicine, developing clinical guidelines critically depends on such deep evidence integration. However, existing benchmarks fail to evaluate this capability in realistic workflows requiring multi-step evidence integration and expert-level judgment. To address this gap, we introduce MedProbeBench, the first benchmark leveraging high-quality clinical guidelines as expert-level references. Medical guidelines, with their rigorous standards in neutrality and verifiability, represent the pinnacle of medical expertise and pose substantial challenges for deep research agents. For evaluation, we propose MedProbe-Eval, a comprehensive evaluation framework featuring: (1) Holistic Rubrics with 1,200+ task-adaptive rubric criteria for comprehensive quality assessment, and (2) Fine-grained Evidence Verification for rigorous validation of evidence precision, grounded in 5,130+ atomic claims. Evaluation of 17 LLMs and deep research agents reveals critical gaps in evidence integration and guideline generation, underscoring the substantial distance between current capabilities and expert-level clinical guideline development. Project: https://github.com/uni-medical/MedProbeBench