Real-variable theory of function spaces with operator-valued $A_p$ weights in Banach spaces

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive real-variable theory for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with operator-valued Muckenhoupt $A_p$ weights in Banach spaces, overcoming previous limitations and establishing new boundedness results.

Contribution

It introduces a complete framework for operator-weighted function spaces, including characterizations, boundedness of operators, and counterexamples in Banach spaces, expanding the scope beyond scalar and matrix weights.

Findings

Established a reverse H"older inequality for operator-valued $A_p$ weights.

Proved the unboundedness of the Hilbert transform in certain Banach spaces with operator weights.

Developed operator-weighted extensions of classical function space characterizations and the $T(1)$ theorem.

Abstract

While the theory of matrix-weighted function spaces is well established, the majority of previous results in the infinite-dimensional operator-valued setting deal with "no go" theorems, showing the impossibility of some prospective generalizations. However, we show that a complete real-variable theory of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with operator-valued Muckenhoupt $A_p$ weights can still be developed, once correctly formulated. This covers operator-weighted extensions of results like the $\varphi$-transform characterization in terms of discrete sequence spaces, the boundedness of almost diagonal operators, and applications to the $T(1)$ theorem and trace/extension theorems. A key tool is a version of the reverse H\"older inequality, which is weak enough to follow from the operator-valued $A_p$ condition (unlike a variant that had to be imposed as an additional assumption in some previous works), yet strong enough to be used much like its classical counterpart. In contrast to the established scalar and matrix-weighted theories, our approach cannot build on operator-weighted $L^p$ results, as these fail in a very definite way. We also strengthen the existing "no go" statements in Hilbert spaces, showing (among other counterexamples) that every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an operator-valued $A_p$ weight $V$ for which the Hilbert transform is unbounded on $L^p(V)$. This is nontrivial, since the lack of Hilbert space structure also complicates the construction of $A_p$ weights. Building on results from Banach space theory, we achieve this unboundedness by combining two distinct methods in two different classes of spaces (so-called $K$-convex ones and those that are {\em not} UMD), whose union covers all Banach spaces.