Leader-Follower Formation Control Using Differential Drag and Effective Surface Regulation

TL;DR

This paper presents a control system for small satellite formations using differential drag and attitude maneuvers, ensuring stable relative positioning without propulsion.

Contribution

It introduces a novel control law based on integrator backstepping for passive orbital control in satellite formations.

Findings

The control law guarantees asymptotic stability of the formation.

Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Abstract

The growing interest in space activities has led to the emergence of new space operators and innovative mission concepts. Small satellites such as CubeSats reduce mission costs and are typically deployed in constellations or formation flights. Since they are often propulsionless, passive orbital control strategies are the standard, primarily through differential drag achieved via attitude control maneuvers. This work develops a control system to achieve a generic relative positioning between two small satellites in a virtual leader and real follower formation flight, relying entirely on differential drag achieved through attitude maneuvers. We propose a control law based on the integrator backstepping technique, which, in a closed loop with the rotational dynamics, results in the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system equilibrium points. We demonstrate the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system equilibrium points using the Lyapunov theory, and a numerical simulation assesses the effectiveness and accuracy of the control strategy.