Perceived Social Norms under Uncertainty

TL;DR

This paper introduces a belief-based framework for social norms under uncertainty, accounting for heterogeneity and information disclosure effects on perceived norms.

Contribution

It relaxes the common knowledge assumption of social standards, integrating heterogeneity and information disclosure into the understanding of perceived norms.

Findings

Framework connects injunctive norms, values, and expectations through shared information structures.

Disclosed information influences perceived norms depending on disclosure type and encoding.

Clarifies how private cues and disclosure shape social norm perceptions.

Abstract

This paper proposes a belief-based framework for social norms in environments where individuals choose a single action. Relaxing the assumption that the appropriateness standard is common knowledge, the framework allows individuals to be uncertain about this standard and to hold heterogeneous assessments and beliefs about others' assessments. Within the framework, perceived injunctive social norms, personal values, and empirical expectations, while distinct, are systematically connected through a common informational structure. The framework further clarifies how disclosed information shapes perceived norms: its effect depends on what is disclosed, whether it is publicly or privately revealed, and how the disclosed statistic encodes underlying private cues.