Low-dimensional platforms for single photon detection

TL;DR

This review discusses recent advances in low-dimensional materials like quantum dots and superconducting nanowires for single-photon detectors, highlighting their architectures, performance, challenges, and future prospects.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of low-dimensional SPD platforms, identifying key challenges and outlining future research directions for next-generation detectors.

Findings

Quantum dots and superconducting nanowires show promising detection efficiencies.

Performance varies significantly across different low-dimensional platforms.

Current challenges include improving sensitivity and reducing noise.

Abstract

A Single-Photon Detector (SPD) can detect extremely low intensity of electromagnetic wave - down to a single photon. Driven by the rapid developments in quantum information science and an increasing demand for ultra-low-light sensing across various domains, there is a need for transformative advancements in the design and development of SPDs. In this context, low-dimensional platforms, including quantum dots, superconducting nanowires and layered materials have emerged as crucial frontiers of research. This review explores the state-of-the-art of different low-dimensional SPD platforms, focusing on the engineering physics across their device architectures, performance parameters and application potential. By critically comparing the performance and addressing current challenges inherent to each low-dimensional platform, the review aims to outline future research directions to advance next-generation SPD technologies.