Functional correlation bound for random Lasota--Yorke maps with holes and its applications to conditional normal approximations

TL;DR

This paper extends the functional correlation bounds framework to random open Lasota--Yorke maps, enabling the derivation of conditional CLTs with explicit rates for systems with escaping trajectories.

Contribution

It adapts the FCB framework to open systems with holes, providing new tools for statistical analysis of transient dynamical systems.

Findings

Established exponential decay of correlations in open systems

Derived conditional CLTs with Wasserstein and integral distance rates

Bound the Kolmogorov distance for the conditional CLT

Abstract

This paper investigates the statistical properties of random open dynamical systems generated by families of Lasota--Yorke maps. Open systems, in which trajectories may escape through `holes', model transient phenomena and present additional difficulties for statistical analysis because the underlying ensemble loses mass over time. We show that the framework of functional correlation bounds (FCB), originally developed for closed systems, can also be adapted to this random open setting. The extension requires new ingredients based on Lasota--Yorke type inequalities in order to control the effect of escaping trajectories. We establish an FCB with exponential decay and combine it with the abstract normal-approximation results of \cite{LNN25,LS20} to obtain a conditional CLT with rates in Wasserstein distance and a conditional functional CLT with a rate in an integral distance over Barbour's class of smooth test functions. Additionally, we adapt Tikhomirov's method to obtain a bound in Kolmogorov distance for the conditional CLT.