Persona-Based Requirements Engineering for Explainable Multi-Agent Educational Systems: A Scenario Simulator for Clinical Reasoning Training

TL;DR

This paper introduces a persona-driven requirements engineering framework for explainable multi-agent educational systems, demonstrated through a clinical reasoning training simulator that enhances medical students' skills.

Contribution

It proposes a novel human-centered RE framework using personas for explainable MAES, validated with a clinical scenario simulator that improves medical education.

Findings

Over 78% of medical students reported improved clinical reasoning skills.

The persona-based RE approach effectively links technical and non-technical requirements.

The partial MAES simulator is open sourced at the provided GitHub link.

Abstract

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Agentic AI become increasingly integrated across sectors such as education and healthcare, it is critical to ensure that Multi-Agent Education System (MAES) is explainable from the early stages of requirements engineering (RE) within the AI software development lifecycle. Explainability is essential to build trust, promote transparency, and enable effective human-AI collaboration. Although personas are well-established in human-computer interaction to represent users and capture their needs and behaviors, their role in RE for explainable MAES remains underexplored. This paper proposes a human-first, persona-driven, explainable MAES RE framework and demonstrates the framework through a MAES for clinical reasoning training. The framework integrates personas and user stories throughout the RE process to capture the needs, goals, and interactions of various stakeholders, including medical educators, medical students, AI patient agent, and clinical agents (physical exam agent, diagnostic agent, clinical intervention agent, supervisor agent, evaluation agent). The goals, underlying models, and knowledge base shape agent interactions and inform explainability requirements that guided the clinical reasoning training of medical students. A post-usage survey found that more than 78\% of medical students reported that MAES improved their clinical reasoning skills. These findings demonstrate that RE based on persona effectively connects technical requirements with non-technical medical students from a human-centered approach, ensuring that explainable MAES are trustworthy, interpretable, and aligned with authentic clinical scenarios from the early stages of the AI system engineering. The partial MAES for the clinical scenario simulator is~\href{https://github.com/2sigmaEdTech/MAS/}{open sourced here}.