Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy with multiplexed two-stage VIPA spectrometer

TL;DR

This paper presents a multiplexed Brillouin spectrometer for line-scanning microscopy that achieves high noise suppression without a gas chamber, enabling faster, more versatile mechanical imaging.

Contribution

Developed a cascaded VIPA-based spectrometer that enhances noise suppression in LSBM, eliminating the need for gas chambers and broadening wavelength applicability.

Findings

Achieved 57 dB noise suppression without a gas chamber.

Demonstrated high-resolution Brillouin imaging of bio-printed phantoms.

Expanded LSBM applicability to other wavelengths.

Abstract

Confocal Brillouin microscopy enables high-resolution mechanical imaging but has low acquisition speed, partly due to its pixel-by-pixel mapping strategy. Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy (LSBM) significantly improves imaging speed by utilizing a multiplexing approach. However, current method is limited to a single-stage virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) spectrometer with insufficient capability of suppressing noise. Consequently, an absorptive gas chamber is often used to help reject excessive elastically scattered light. This approach requires specific tunable laser sources whose frequencies (e.g., around 780 nm) are locked to the absorption line of the gas chamber. Here, we developed a multiplexed Brillouin spectrometer for LSBM that increased the noise suppression to 57 dB without using any gas chamber. This is achieved by cascading two VIPA etalons with parallel dispersion axes in the spectrometer, where the first VIPA acts as a band-pass filter and the second as spectrum analyzer. We demonstrated its performance by acquiring Brillouin images of bio-printed phantoms with an inverted co-axial LSBM. This gas-chamber-free approach can expand the implementation of LSBM to other wavelengths where Brillouin scattering is more efficient and commercial laser sources are readily available.