Splats in Splats++: Robust and Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganography

TL;DR

This paper introduces Splats in Splats++, a robust, high-capacity steganography framework for 3D Gaussian Splatting that preserves visual fidelity, enhances security, and is adaptable to various 3D/4D applications.

Contribution

It proposes a unified, pipeline-agnostic steganography method embedding data within 3D Gaussian Splatting representations using frequency-aware encryption and geometric consistency mechanisms.

Findings

Achieves up to 6.28 dB higher message fidelity.

Enables 3× faster rendering.

Demonstrates robustness against structural attacks.

Abstract

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently redefined the paradigm of 3D reconstruction, striking an unprecedented balance between visual fidelity and computational efficiency. As its adoption proliferates, safeguarding the copyright of explicit 3DGS assets has become paramount. However, existing invisible message embedding frameworks struggle to reconcile secure and high-capacity data embedding with intrinsic asset utility, often disrupting the native rendering pipeline or exhibiting vulnerability to structural perturbations. In this work, we present \textbf{\textit{Splats in Splats++}}, a unified and pipeline-agnostic steganography framework that seamlessly embeds high-capacity 3D/4D content directly within the native 3DGS representation. Grounded in a principled analysis of the frequency distribution of Spherical Harmonics (SH), we propose an importance-graded SH coefficient encryption scheme that achieves imperceptible embedding without compromising the original expressive power. To fundamentally resolve the geometric ambiguities that lead to message leakage, we introduce a \textbf{Hash-Grid Guided Opacity Mapping} mechanism. Coupled with a novel \textbf{Gradient-Gated Opacity Consistency Loss}, our formulation enforces a stringent spatial-attribute coupling between the original and hidden scenes, effectively projecting the discrete attribute mapping into a continuous, attack-resilient latent manifold. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method substantially outperforms existing approaches, achieving up to \textbf{6.28 db} higher message fidelity, \textbf{3$\times$} faster rendering, and exceptional robustness against aggressive 3D-targeted structural attacks (e.g., GSPure). Furthermore, our framework exhibits remarkable versatility, generalizing seamlessly to 2D image embedding, 4D dynamic scene steganography, and diverse downstream tasks.