Nonperturbative stochastic inflation in perturbative dynamical background

TL;DR

This paper develops a systematic stochastic framework derived from quantum field theory in curved spacetime to analyze non-perturbative inflationary dynamics, especially during ultra-slow-roll phases, and validates it with numerical simulations.

Contribution

It introduces the first-order stochastic equations incorporating metric perturbations from the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, bridging quantum field theory and stochastic inflation models.

Findings

Validated stochastic description with lattice simulations for the Starobinsky model.

Found minor power spectrum suppression and oscillations in critical Higgs inflation.

Established a consistent method to include metric perturbations in non-perturbative inflation analysis.

Abstract

Inflationary models that contain a transient ultra-slow-roll phase can exhibit strong non-perturbative dynamics, making the usual perturbative treatment of cosmological fluctuations incomplete. In such regimes, quantum diffusion and the nonlinear gravitational response of the background can both play important roles, motivating a framework that treats them systematically within quantum field theory in curved spacetime. In this work, we derive the first-order stochastic equations in quasi-de Sitter spacetime from the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism and develop a practical procedure to obtain compact stochastic equations that consistently incorporate metric perturbations via the classical Arnowitt-Deser-Misner equations. Our approach systematically captures classical non-perturbative effects while retaining the leading first-order quantum diffusion. We apply the formalism to two inflationary scenarios with an ultra-slow-roll phase, namely the Starobinsky piecewise-linear model and critical Higgs inflation. For the Starobinsky model, numerical lattice simulations validate the stochastic description and agree well with analytical results. For critical Higgs inflation, we find that the dynamics lead to a minor suppression of the power spectrum with an additional oscillation feature. Throughout, our analysis is restricted to the regime of small metric perturbations, ensuring the self-consistency of the perturbative stochastic treatment. These results establish a concrete bridge between first-principles quantum field theory in curved spacetime and the stochastic-$\delta N$ formalism for investigating non-perturbative inflationary dynamics.