Ternary Noise Modulation

TL;DR

This paper introduces Ternary Noise Modulation (T-NoiseMod), a novel noise-based wireless communication scheme encoding three states, including silence, to increase data rate and maintain security in low-complexity systems.

Contribution

The paper proposes a new ternary noise modulation scheme with a three-state transmission, expanding beyond binary NoiseMod, and develops a two-stage receiver with analytical error probability analysis.

Findings

Simulation results closely match theoretical BEP expressions.

T-NoiseMod achieves higher data rates by encoding three states.

Trade-offs between reliability and data rate are demonstrated.

Abstract

By exploiting noise as an information-bearing resource, noise-driven communication offers a promising framework for low-complexity and secure wireless system design. In this letter, the scheme of ternary noise modulation (T-NoiseMod) is proposed for noise-based wireless communication scenarios, where information is encoded into the statistical characteristics of artificial noise. Unlike conventional binary NoiseMod, which employs two variance levels, the proposed scheme introduces a third transmission state: intentional silence. By pairing two consecutive noise blocks, the signaling scheme is expanded to eight valid state combinations, enabling the transmission of three information bits per signaling interval. In our proposed scheme, the two-stage receiver is developed, consisting of mean-based silent-state detection followed by variance-based low/high classification. An analytical expression for the bit error probability (BEP) is derived for Rayleigh fading. Our computer simulation results match closely with our theoretical results and show the effects of key system parameters. Furthermore, comparisons with binary NoiseMod demonstrate the inherent trade-off between reliability and rate.