Deeper analysis of Fermi-LAT unassociated 4FGL J2112.5-3043 for possible identification

TL;DR

This paper conducts a detailed gamma-ray analysis of the unassociated Fermi-LAT source 4FGL J2112.5-3043, exploring its potential astrophysical or dark matter origins despite inconclusive results.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive spectral and spatial analysis of the source, highlighting a preference for dark matter annihilation channels over pulsar origins.

Findings

Spectral data favor a subexponential cutoff power-law model.

No significant flux variability detected over time.

Spectral preference for dark matter annihilation channels.

Abstract

In the 4FGL-DR4 point-source catalog of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Observatory (Fermi-LAT), around a third of the sources are still unidentified (unIDs). In this work, we perform a detailed study of one of them, namely 4FGL J2112.5-3043. Only gamma-ray emission has been detected from this unidentified source, with no counterpart observed at any other wavelength as of today. Together with its high detection significance, this makes 4FGL J2112.5-3043 a particularly compelling target for further investigation. The results of our spectral and spatial analyses show that the source photon spectrum is better described with a subexponential cutoff power-law spectral model, with no significant flux variability over time, and a morphology consistent with being a point-like source. We investigate and discuss the characterized emission within the context of both conventional and exotic astrophysics, namely a pulsar origin or potential dark matter (DM) annihilations in a nearby Galactic subhalo. Although our results are inconclusive and neither confirm a DM origin nor firmly establish an astrophysical nature, we find a spectral preference for the $b\bar{b}$ and $c\bar{c}$ DM annihilation channels over a pulsar origin, thus making this unID a particularly intriguing candidate for next multiwavelength observations.