Interlayer hybridization enables superconductivity in bilayer nickelates

TL;DR

This study reveals that interlayer hybridization in bilayer nickelates is crucial for their superconductivity, demonstrated through spectroscopic analysis of stabilized thin films and supported by theoretical insights.

Contribution

It uncovers the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity in bilayer nickelates, emphasizing the role of interlayer hybridization and electronic state evolution.

Findings

Superconductivity emerges with coherent interlayer hybridization.

In-plane $d_{x^2-y^2}$ states form an itinerant backbone.

Superconductivity is sensitive to oxygen stoichiometry and strain.

Abstract

Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates offer a new route to high-temperature superconductivity beyond the cuprates and iron-pnictides. However, the electronic reorganization that enables superconductivity in bilayer nickelates remain unresolved, largely due to the difficulty of directly probing the superconducting phase. Here, we overcome this limitation by stabilizing superconducting (La,Pr)$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ thin films with a protective capping layer, thereby enabling direct spectroscopic access via X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. We resolve the evolution of in-plane and out-of-plane electronic states, spin and orbital excitations, and spin-density-waves across insulating, superconducting, and metallic regimes. Combining experimental results with theoretical analysis, we show that the in-plane $d_{x^2-y^2}$ states form an itinerant backbone, while superconductivity emerges only when coherent $d_{z^2}$-$p_z$-$d_{z^2}$ interlayer hybridization develops, accompanied by suppressed static spin order and strongly damped spin excitations. Oxygen stoichiometry and epitaxial strain both act on this interlayer channel, placing superconductivity within a narrow window of interlayer coherence and correlation strength. These findings identify the microscopic ingredients required for superconductivity in bilayer nickelates and provide a multiorbital picture of its emergence.