Timescale Separation Enables Deep Reinforcement Learning Control of Rotating Detonation Engine Mode Transitions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that reformulating deep reinforcement learning control in a moving reference frame enables effective management of multi-timescale dynamics in rotating detonation engines, facilitating rapid mode transitions.

Contribution

The authors introduce a moving reference frame approach that exploits scale separation, improving DRL control of multi-timescale RDE dynamics over traditional stationary frame methods.

Findings

Controllers trained in the moving frame are more reliable.

The approach enables rapid transitions between different mode-locked states.

Controllers remain effective over a broader range of actuation periods.

Abstract

Rotating detonation engines (RDEs) are a promising propulsion concept that may offer higher thermodynamic efficiency and specific impulse than conventional systems, but nonlinear phenomena, including transitions to oscillatory or chaotic propagation modes, can hinder practical operation. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising method for controlling complex nonlinear dynamics such as those observed in RDEs. However, the multi-timescale nature of the RDE system makes direct application of DRL challenging. We address this challenge by reformulating the DRL problem in a moving reference frame that follows the detonation-wave pattern, making the wave structure appear quasi-steady to the agent. This reformulation enables scale separation between fast detonation propagation and slower operating-mode dynamics. We train DRL controllers to modulate spatially segmented injection pressure in a one-dimensional reduced-order RDE model and induce rapid transitions between different mode-locked states. Across a range of actuation periods, initial states, and target modes, controllers trained in the moving frame learn more reliably than those trained in a stationary frame and remain effective over a broader range of actuation periods. These results suggest that symmetry-aware moving reference frame formulations may be useful for related multiscale flow-control problems and that scale separation should be exploited whenever possible to enable DRL control of multi-timescale systems.