Lessons from Skill Development Programs -- Livelihood College of Dhamtari

TL;DR

This study examines the challenges faced by skill development programs in Dhamtari, India, highlighting issues in access, counseling, and digital asset utilization, and suggests improvements leveraging technology and stakeholder collaboration.

Contribution

It provides an in-depth, mixed-method analysis of on-ground constraints in Indian skill training programs and offers practical recommendations for leveraging digital tools and partnerships.

Findings

Identified lack of inclusive access and gendered participation.

Highlighted manual counseling as a bottleneck with insufficient support.

Observed sub-optimal use of digital assets and inconsistent attendance.

Abstract

Skill training is crucial for enabling dignified livelihood opportunities. In India, various schemes and initiatives aim to provide skill training in different domains, with ICT and digital technologies playing a vital role. However, there is limited research on understanding on-ground capacities \& constraints and the use of digital tools in these programs. In this study, we look into the mobilization, counseling, and training stages of the 5-stage skill development process that also includes placement and tracking, adopted in Dhamtari's Livelihood College in Chhattisgarh, India, and other programs nationwide. Through the immersion/crystallization approach and mixed-method analysis including GIS mapping, video analysis of CCTV streams, quantitative analysis, and unstructured conversations with administrators, trainers, mobilizers, counselors, and nearby industry personnel for over a year, we identified three major challenges. A lack of inclusive and gendered access to skilling; a tedious manual counseling process with insufficient support staff; and inconsistent trainee attendance alongside sub-standard utilization of digital assets. Finally, we discuss, ways to improve access to skill training by leveraging Vocational Training Partners(VTPs), ways to improve the utilization of existing digital assets, and considerations for improving the counseling process. We conclude by summarizing that skill development programs currently lack institutional elements that enable effective information exchange between stakeholders, thereby creating information bottlenecks that result in inefficiencies, hindering the service delivery. In sum, our study informs the HCI and ICTD literature on the on-ground challenges and constraints faced by stakeholders and the role of technology in supporting such initiatives.