State counting in gravity and maximal entropy principle

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the state-counting interpretation of black hole entropy and the Page curve for Hawking radiation are equivalent in the gravity path integral framework, resolving the information loss puzzle.

Contribution

It introduces a convex optimization approach linking black hole microstate counting with entanglement entropy evolution, providing a unified perspective.

Findings

The equivalence of black hole entropy and Hawking radiation entanglement entropy.

Automatic resolution of the black hole information loss puzzle.

A convex optimization framework connecting microstates and entropy.

Abstract

It is known that the semiclassical approximation to the gravity path integral can be leveraged to explain certain inherently quantum aspects of gravity. One such aspect is the state-counting interpretation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes. A second aspect is the Page curve for the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation, which agrees with expectations from unitarity. We show that these two questions are equivalent from the gravity path integral point of view. In particular, the Hawking's information loss puzzle gets resolved automatically by considering any (over)complete basis of black hole microstates which is compatible with black hole entropy. The tool which relates the two questions is a convex optimization problem for the von Neumann entropy of Hawking radiation.