Experimental demonstration for precisely tuning the focal length of finite-aperture focused beams and vortex

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a simple, cost-effective method for precisely tuning the focal length of high-frequency focused ultrasound using frequency variation, validated through theoretical analysis and experimental measurements.

Contribution

The authors design and fabricate a planar, transparent piezoelectric transducer that enables linear focal length tuning by frequency adjustment, simplifying high-frequency ultrasound focusing.

Findings

Focal length varies approximately linearly with excitation frequency near the design point.

Experimental measurements agree well with theoretical predictions.

The approach offers a compact, low-cost solution for focal tuning in ultrasound devices.

Abstract

High-frequency focused ultrasound is widely used in biomedical applications such as high-resolution imaging, neuromodulation, particle manipulation, and so on. However, dynamic tuning of the focal plane in conventional systems often relies on mechanically adjustable components or array-based control with complex system and high cost. In this work, an optically transparent, planar compact piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer was designed and fabricated by truncating an ideal spherical wavefront with a plane, enabling high-frequency focused ultrasound generation and convenient integration with microscopic platforms. The acoustic field was characterized experimentally at the focal plane under the design frequency and at propagation planes near the design frequency to evaluate the focal tuning. An approximate linear relation between the focal length and driving frequency near the design one is derived theoretically, and the finite-range tuning behavior is interpreted using the stationary-phase condition. Both theory and experiment show that the focal length varies approximately linearly with excitation frequency near the design frequency. Water-tank measurements agree well with the theoretical prediction, confirming the proposed model. This work provides a simple and cost-effective approach for focal tuning in compact high-frequency ultrasound devices.