OB runaway stars originating in the Vel OB1 association

TL;DR

This study identifies and analyzes OB runaway stars in the Vel OB1 association using Gaia data, revealing their origins, velocities, and impact on the interstellar medium.

Contribution

First comprehensive identification of OB runaways in Vel OB1, including their trajectories, parent clusters, and associated bow shocks, using Gaia DR3 data.

Findings

25 OB runaways identified, including HMXB VelaX-1

Runaway fraction is approximately 30%

Detected 16 bow shocks related to runaways

Abstract

OB runaway stars are massive stars moving through interstellar space at high velocities (up to 200 km/s), produced by dynamical ejections in young massive clusters or supernova explosions in massive binaries. They can travel several hundred parsec before exploding as supernovae, affecting the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. The Vel OB1 association, one of the largest OB associations, hosts about 20 O-type and more than 50 B-type stars. We aimed to identify OB runaways in this region, quantify their number, identify their parent clusters, and understand their production channels and impact on the surrounding medium. Using Gaia DR3 coordinates, parallaxes, and proper motions, we identified OB runaways by measuring their peculiar velocity. We inspected infrared WISE images to identify wind bow shocks and reconstructed runaway trajectories to locate parent clusters and estimate travel times. We identified six young stellar clusters hosting most of the massive-star population in Vel OB1 (distance 1.6-2.1 kpc; age 1-10 Myr) and derived a threshold velocity of 15 km/s to classify runaways. We identified 25 OB runaways (including HMXB VelaX-1) and one F-type runaway. We detected 16 arc-like features, six associated with runaways selected by peculiar velocity, and ten bow shocks aligned with runaway proper motions. Parent clusters are identified for seven runaways, most likely ejected dynamically. The runaway fraction is about 30%. Wind bow shocks from OB runaways reveal valuable information on local ISM conditions.