Polytropic $f(Q)$ cosmology and its implications for the $H_0$ tension

TL;DR

This paper explores a polytropic $f(Q)$ cosmological model with a power-law background geometry, analyzing its implications for the $H_0$ tension through exact solutions and Bayesian data analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a novel polytropic $f(Q)$ cosmology with free parameters and provides exact solutions and parameter constraints relevant to late-time cosmic acceleration.

Findings

Derived exact cosmological solutions within the model.

Performed Bayesian analysis to constrain model parameters.

Discussed the model's implications for the $H_0$ tension.

Abstract

Understanding the late-time cosmic phenomenon of the universe commonly referred to as the dark energy problem, which is one of the prominent tension in the field of theoretical as well as observational cosmology. In this work, we attempt to analyze the nature of the missing fluid of the universe. In order to do so, we employ a poly tropic equation of state consisting of free parameters rather assuming directly a particular form of the fluid. In addition, for the background geometry we consider a $f(Q)$ cosmology exhibiting power-law assumption, which is recently proposed and found to be attractive in the study of late-time cosmology. We find exact cosmological solution along with a rigorous data analysis, utilizing the Bayesian statistics approach and the emcee ensemble sampler, to find the parameter constraints and then we interpret the parameters of physical interests such as deceleration and statefinder parameter. Also, we present status of the $H_0$ tension predicted by our polytropic $f(Q)$ cosmological model.