
TL;DR
This paper introduces ADD, a novel multi-bit image watermarking method that achieves high accuracy and robustness with significant computational efficiency, addressing limitations of existing approaches.
Contribution
ADD provides a new linear watermarking technique with theoretical justification, improving capacity, robustness, and speed over prior methods.
Findings
Achieves 100% decoding accuracy for 48-bit watermarking on MS-COCO.
Maintains performance with at most 2% drop under various image distortions.
Embeds and decodes images 2 to 7.4 times faster than existing methods.
Abstract
As generative models enable rapid creation of high-fidelity images, societal concerns about misinformation and authenticity have intensified. A promising remedy is multi-bit image watermarking, which embeds a multi-bit message into an image so that a verifier can later detect whether the image is generated by someone and further identify the source by decoding the embedded message. Existing approaches often fall short in capacity, resilience to common image distortions, and theoretical justification. To address these limitations, we propose ADD (Add, Dot, Decode), a multi-bit image watermarking method with two stages: learning a watermark to be linearly combined with the multi-bit message and added to the image, and decoding through inner products between the watermarked image and the learned watermark. On the standard MS-COCO benchmark, we demonstrate that for the challenging task of…
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