Toward Environment-Aware LAE: SAR as a Shared Sensing Infrastructure

TL;DR

This paper advocates for using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a shared, environment-aware sensing infrastructure to overcome limitations of traditional sensing modalities in low-altitude economy operations, enabling scalable and reliable UAV systems.

Contribution

It introduces a system-level perspective on SAR-enabled LAE, emphasizing infrastructure-centric sensing, predictive operations, and environment-aware networking with AI and digital twins.

Findings

SAR supports all-weather, wide-area perception for UAVs.

Shared SAR infrastructure enhances environmental awareness and cooperation.

Key challenges for deploying SAR-based LAE systems are discussed.

Abstract

The rapid growth of the low-altitude economy (LAE) is making aerial systems an important part of future digital infrastructure. Although major advances have been achieved in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, communications, and autonomous control, environmental perception remains a key bottleneck to reliable and scalable LAE operations. Existing sensing modalities, such as optical, LiDAR, and millimeter-wave radar, are limited by visibility, sensing range, and environmental conditions, resulting in fragmented situational awareness. This article argues that addressing these limitations requires a shift from platform-centric sensing to a shared, environment-aware sensing infrastructure. In this context, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offers a distinct advantage by enabling all-weather, wide-area perception. We show that SAR can support UAV operations through global environmental awareness, enhance task-level sensing, and enable cooperative sensing across satellites, high-altitude platforms, UAVs, and ground systems. Building on this perspective, we present a system-level view of SAR-enabled LAE, highlighting key transformations from fragmented to infrastructure-centric sensing, from reactive to predictive operation, and from device-centric to environment-aware networking. We further discuss enabling architectures, including multi-platform sensing hierarchies, integration with integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), and the role of artificial intelligence and digital twins, along with the key challenges toward real-world deployment. By positioning SAR as a shared sensing foundation rather than a standalone modality, this article provides new insights into the design of scalable, reliable, and intelligent LAE systems.