Heavy-quark transport across the QCD crossover driven by a lattice-constrained in-medium potential

TL;DR

This paper develops a unified, lattice-constrained model for heavy-quark transport in the quark-gluon plasma across the QCD crossover, integrating perturbative and non-perturbative interactions to match lattice data.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent framework combining perturbative and non-perturbative effects via an in-medium potential constrained by lattice QCD, avoiding arbitrary scale separation.

Findings

Non-perturbative string tension is crucial near T_c.

Predicted diffusion coefficient matches lattice QCD results.

Model provides a dynamical interpretation of strong heavy-quark coupling.

Abstract

We present a self-consistent framework for heavy-quark transport in the quark-gluon plasma across the QCD crossover region. By synthesizing perturbative and non-perturbative interactions into a unified interaction kernel, we circumvent the traditional reliance on arbitrary soft-hard momentum separation scales. The interaction is governed by an in-medium effective potential, incorporating short-range Yukawa screening and long-range confining string contributions, both rigorously constrained by the latest lattice QCD data. Our results reveal that the non-perturbative string tension is indispensable for capturing the extreme opacity of the medium near the critical temperature $T_c$. Specifically, our model predicts a spatial diffusion coefficient of $2\pi T D_s \approx 0.5 \sim 1.7$, demonstrating a striking quantitative agreement with the recent lattice QCD extractions. Ultimately, our results provide a robust dynamical interpretation of the strong heavy-quark coupling near the QCD crossover and offer a unified framework for describing heavy-flavor transport in hot and dense QCD matter.