Perceived Importance of Cognitive Skills Among Computing Students in the Era of AI

TL;DR

This study surveyed computing students to understand how their perceptions of the importance of 11 cognitive skills change across past, present, and future AI integration, revealing a trend of diminishing perceived importance.

Contribution

It provides empirical data on students' perceptions of cognitive skills' importance in the context of increasing AI integration in education and work.

Findings

Students expect all 11 cognitive skills to be less important in the future with more AI use.

The study highlights a perceived decline in cognitive skill importance due to AI reliance.

Results suggest a need for educational strategies to reinforce cognitive skills amid AI growth.

Abstract

The availability and increasing integration of generative AI tools have transformed computing education. While AI in education presents opportunities, it also raises new concerns about how these powerful know-it-all AI tools, which are becoming widespread, impact cognitive skill development among students. Cognitive skills are essential for academic success and professional competence. It relates to the ability to understand, analyze, evaluate, synthesize information and more. The extensive use of these AI tools can aid in cognitive offloading, freeing up cognitive resources to be used in other tasks and activities. However, cognitive offloading may inadvertently lead to diminishing cognitive involvement in learning and related activities when using AI tools. Understanding cognitive skills' impact in the era of AI is essential to align curricular design with evolving workforce demands and changing work environment and processes. To address this concern and to develop an understanding of how the importance of cognitive skills changes with increasing integration of AI, we conducted a researcher-monitored and regulated quantitative survey of undergraduate computing students. We examined students' perceptions of cognitive skills across three temporal frames: prior to widespread AI adoption (past), current informal and formal use of AI in learning contexts (present), and future with even more AI integration in professional environments (future). In the study, students rated the importance of 11 cognitive skills. Our analysis reveals that students expect all 11 cognitive skills to be of diminishing importance in the future, when AI use and integration increases. Our findings highlight the need for educational interventions that explicitly reinforce cognitive skill development within learning environments that are now often relying on AI.