Physical Properties of Dextran Solutions as Model Crowding Media

TL;DR

This study characterizes the physical properties of dextran solutions used as artificial crowding agents, revealing size-dependent viscosity and diffusion behaviors relevant for in vitro macromolecular crowding models.

Contribution

It provides a detailed characterization of dextran solutions, linking polymer physics principles to their behavior as crowding media in biological studies.

Findings

Viscosity follows a power law with concentration, showing a crossover from dilute to semi-dilute regimes.

Self-diffusion of dextran decays exponentially, consistent with excess entropy scaling.

Water diffusivity decreases with concentration but is independent of polymer size.

Abstract

The role of macromolecular crowding in living systems is widely appreciated, but artificial crowders used to model these effects in vitro are often inadequately characterized. In this work, we examine density, viscosity, polymer self-diffusion and water diffusion in crowded dextran systems. Dextran viscosity and self-diffusion follow size-dependent trends, collectively described by universal functions of the overlap concentration corresponding to a Flory exponent of 0.44, characteristic of branched polymers. Viscosity increases with concentration as a power law, with a crossover from dilute to semi-dilute behaviors. Dextran self-diffusion decays exponentially: this can be interpreted in light of Rosenfeld's excess entropy scaling hypothesis. Water self-diffusivity and specific volume decrease with concentration, but show no dependence on polymer size. We show how these results can be used to construct the true volume fraction of crowders, which takes into account bound water. Overall, our findings showcase the power of polymer physics concepts in macromolecular crowding studies in vitro.