Stringology-Based Cryptanalysis for EChaCha20 Stream Cipher

TL;DR

This paper applies Stringology-Based Cryptanalysis using KMP and Boyer-Moore algorithms to evaluate EChaCha20's security, confirming its strong pseudorandomness and diffusion properties with minor irregularities.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of string algorithms for cryptanalysis of EChaCha20, providing insights into its structural security features.

Findings

EChaCha20 maintains strong pseudorandomness at 16-bit and 32-bit levels.

Rapid diffusion and avalanche effect observed after two QR-F rounds.

No significant rotational collisions detected within evaluated bounds.

Abstract

Stringology-Based Cryptanalysis (SBC) offers a suitable and a structurally aligned approach for uncovering structural patterns in stream ciphers that traditional statistical tests may often fail to detect. Despite \texttt{EChaCha20}'s design enhancements, no systematic investigation has been performed to determine whether its expanded 6$\times$6 state matrix and modified Quarter-Round Function (\texttt{QR-F}) introduce subtle keystream patterns, rotational biases, or partial collisions that could serve as statistical distinguishers. As such, addressing this gap is critical to ensure that the cipher's modifications do not unintentionally reduce its security margin. Therefore, this paper leverages Knuth-Morris-Pratt (\texttt{KMP}) and Boyer-Moore (\texttt{BM}) algorithms to analyze \texttt{EChaCha20}, which is a variant of ChaCha20 that features an expanded 6$\times$6 state matrix and an enhanced \texttt{QR-F}. The author has developed and optimized adaptations of the \texttt{KMP} and \texttt{BM} algorithms for 32-bit word level pattern analysis and employed them to investigate $m$-bit pattern frequency distributions to assess the \texttt{EChaCha20}'s resistance of rotational-differential attacks. Our experimental results on large-scale one million keystream datasets have confirmed that \texttt{EChaCha20} is able to maintain strong pseudorandomness at 16-bit and 32-bit levels with minor irregularities observed in the 8-bit domain. In addition to these, the differential tests have indicated a rapid diffusion, exhibiting an avalanche effect after two \texttt{QR-F} rounds and no statistically significant rotational collisions were observed within the evaluated bounds, consistent with expected ARX diffusion behavior beyond 3 rounds. This work puts forward SBC as a complementary tool for ARX cipher evaluation and provide new thoughts on the security properties of \texttt{EChaCha20}.